MULATO II-Hạt giống cỏ chăn nuôi lâu năm - Forage grass seed

HƯỚNG DẪN GIEO TRỒNG & SỬ DỤNG GIỐNG CỎ CHĂN NUÔI LÂU NĂM MULATO II

* Thích ứng rộng, chịu được đất chua, chịu che bóng, tỷ lệ lá cao, thân lá mềm, chất lượng có rất tốt, phù hợp cả với nuôi cá !

Tên khoa học: Brachiaria spp. cv. Mulato II

1. Nguồn gốc và đặc tính: Mulato II do CIAT chọn tạo, có tỷ lệ lá/thân cao, lá mềm, thích ứng rộng, chịu đất chua (pH 4,5-5,0), che bóng. Giống ra hoa muộn, có thể kéo dài thời gian thu hoạch. Cây bụi, mọc thẳng, phù hợp với thu cắt cỏ. Năng suất tươi đạt >170 tấn/ha/năm, trồng 1 lần có thể thu hoạch 3-5 năm. Tỷ lệ Protein thô đạt 14-17%, thức ăn chất lượng tốt. Giống được gieo trồng phổ biến và phù hợp với canh tác cơ giới hóa trên đồng cỏ diện tích lớn.

2. Thời vụ: Có thể gieo trồng quanh năm ngay khi nhiệt độ đất >18oC và đủ ẩm.

3. Gieo trồng: Nên gieo hạt theo hàng x hàng: 30-50 cm (dễ chăm sóc, thu hoạch) hoặc gieo vãi. Gieo trên mặt đất, dùng cành cây hoặc chổi lớn kéo, quét lấp hạt, không sâu >1-2 cm. Sử dụng 12-14 kg hạt giống/ha. Chú ý: Hạt nảy mầm rất tốt nếu được gieo ngay trước hoặc sau khi có mưa đủ lớn, gieo hạt trên mặt đất, dùng dụng cụ hoặc trục nén, ép hạt giống chặt vào đất.  

4. Bón phân cho 1 ha: Bón lót bằng 10 tấn phân chuồng hoai mục, 440-450 kg supe Lân. Bón thúc bằng 50-55 kg Urê, 20-30 kg Kali Clorua sau trồng 15-20 ngày và 7-10 ngày sau mỗi đợt cắt. Nếu có điều kiện, hãy tăng lượng phân bón, năng suất sẽ tăng theo.

5. Thu hoạch và sử dụng: Cắt cỏ 5-7 lần/năm. Cắt 70-80 ngày/lần sau khi gieo và trong mùa khô, nhiệt độ thấp; 35-45 ngày/lần trong mùa mưa, nhiệt độ cao. Cắt chừa gốc 3-5 cm và trước khi ra hoa. Sử dụng cho ăn trực tiếp, băm xanh, làm cỏ khô hoặc ủ chua.

PERENNIAL FORAGE GRASS CV. MULATO II HYBRID BRACHIARIA

* Suitable for environments generally considered outside the normal adaptation range for many Brachiaria species

* Will tolerate acid soils of high aluminum

1. Scientific name: Brachiariaa Spp. cv.Mulato II

2. Description and key features: Mulato II is a three-way hybrid (Brachiaria ruziziensis x B. decumbens x B. brizantha) and is the result of three generations of crosses and screening carried out by CIAT’s tropical forages project. It's suitable for environments generally considered outside the normal adaptation range for many Brachiaria species. Rainfall: 700mm+.

Suitable for environments generally considered outside the normal adaptation range for many Brachiaria species

• Will tolerate acid soils of high aluminum
• Forage yields recorded up to 27mt DM/ha/year & 17% crude protein
• Very palatable, grazing and drought tolerant
• Recommended for cattle, sheep, goats and some types of surface dwelling fish
• Suitable for direct grazing, cut-and-carry methods, bailing and ensilage

Mulato II was developed at CIAT in Colombia from an original B. ruziziensis x B. decumbens cross. This was followed by two generations of hybridisation by open exposure to B. brizantha pollen in the field then commercially released by Grupo Papalotla in 2004. Mulato II is the second Brachiaria hybrid developed by CIAT. Being an apomictic hybrid, it is genetically stable and does not segregate or divide from one generation to the next.

In Asia on low fertile, acid soils (pH 4.7), results showed Mulato II produced between 14 - 17t/DM/ha/year. Approximately 70% was produced in the six month wet season and 30% in the six month dry season without irrigation. Under better fertility and management, dry matter yields in excess of 27mt have been regularly achieved.

Drought Tolerance: Mulato II has an extensive root system which allows it to tolerate drought and enables it to have rapid regrowth at the onset of the wet season. Its pubescent leaves allow it to efficiently use moisture deposited on the leaves by the evening dew until late the next morning.

It is the ability of Mulato II to maintain green leafy dry matter during the dry season (85% leaf ratio) that makes it outstanding dry season forage.

Adaption to Acid Soils: In Thailand, Laos and Vietnam, Mulato II grows well on very acid soils with a pH of 4.5-5.0. However for persistence, phosphate fertiliser must be applied to the Mulato II pastures to avoid aluminium toxicity. In trials on highly acid soils over three years in Thailand, Mulato II produced significantly more dry matter and leaf dry matter than other Brachiaria cultivars.

Mulato II produces a very high leaf dry matter percentage. In trials in Thailand with other Brachiarias cultivars, Mulato II produced 71% leaf dry matter in the wet season and 86% leaf dry matter in the dry season, significantly more than Ruzi, Signal, Marandu and Toledo.

In southern China on better soils (pH 6.3), Mulato II planted at the end of April produced 35t/DM/ha in seven months, with 11% crude protein, low fibre and a high leaf ratio (85%).

In trials in central and South America, Mulato II produced more dry season forage and had better milk production over time than Mulato and other Brachiaria cultivars.

3. Sowing time Mulato II could be sowed year round.  Sowing time should be at time of moisturized soil and soil temperate 16oC above and best for Spring and Summer crops.

4. Sowing:  Shallow seeding is recommended for better establishment. Dormancy can be a problem, affecting slow germination and establishment. Due to its small seeds, it requires shallow seeding and can prove to be slower to establish.

Sow the seed on to the rows of 30-50 cm or broadcast sow, and bury the seed no more than 1-2 cm under the soil. Insuring enough moisture soil. Use a bloom or tree with branch to bury seeds.

Recommended seeding rate is 12-15 kg/ha.

5. Fertilizer: Well soil preparation and fertilizer for 1 ha as follows:

+ Basal: Manure of 10 tons, Urea 110 kg, Super Phosphate 450 kg and 90 kg of Kali Clorua. 

+ Top dressing 7-10 days after each cut:  Urea 110 kg.

Note: Weeding control at young plant stages.

6. Harvest and use: Management systems such as rotational grazing, set stocking or cut-and-carry are all suitable. Most farmers in South East Asia prefer cut-and-carry, whilst farmers in the South Pacific set stock for periods up to three months. For cut-and-carry, cut every 40-45 days in the wet season and 60-70 days in the cool season (depending on moisture and temperature).

Note: Cutting 5-7 cm above the soil level or at your leg ankle level and harvesting before booting stage.